Barbara’s BA in Genetics (UC Berkeley) and PhD in Medical Genetics (Oregon Health Sciences University, with “remote” thesis work in Housman lab at MIT), provided the good fortune to help establish some early/first applications. These included a genetic testing lab (Integrated Genetics), gene therapy company (Genovo), biology computational modeling (Kenna Technologies), rare disease drug development nonprofit (BioPontis Alliance for Rare Diseases) and to help worry about the ethics in genetic medicine along the way on various committees. She is currently innovating on new business models for biotechnology companies based on alternative sources and structures for capitalization that can leverage the vast array of potential medicines that have had to be shelved or passed over for lack of market size, profitability or exclusivity.